| Posted on April 1, 2018 at 7:00 PM |
American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, an international journal publishes four times a year in print and electronic form. AJEAS is a peer reviewed technical journal publishes original research contributions and is an unparalleled resource for key advances in the field of engineering. Scope of the journal includes but not limited to applied physics and applied mathematics, automation and control, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, computer science, data engineering and software engineering, earth and environmental engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering and operations research, information technology and informatics, materials science, measurement and metrology, mechanical engineering, medical physics, power engineering, signal processing and telecommunications.
| Frequency: Quarterly |
| ISSN Print: 1941-7020 |
| ISSN Online: 1941-7039 |
| Posted on December 28, 2017 at 2:30 AM |
| Posted on December 12, 2017 at 4:40 AM |
| Frequency: Quarterly |
| ISSN Print: 2523-1200 |
| ISSN Online: 2523-1197 |
Description
The Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology is devoted to the advancement of the applied science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft through the publication of original archival papers. Papers are sought that describe advances in technology, material developments, modeling, design methodologies, performance evaluation, manufacturing, and mission design for all aspects of aircraft and spacecraft. The Journal seeks papers related to general aviation, military and civilian aircraft, UAV, STOL and V/STOL, subsonic, supersonic, transonic, and hypersonic aircraft. The journal also seeks papers related to spacecraft systems and subsystems, missile systems and subsystems, mission design and analysis, re-entry devices, trans-atmospheric vehicles, human and environmental factors in space craft, and space instrumentation. The Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology publishes original research papers, review papers, case studies, and short communications.
Scope
The Journal of Aircraft and Spacecraft Technology publishes articles of outstanding quality. Each article is reviewed by a minimum of two referees. The journal welcomes papers from a wide range of countries. This journal publishes original research papers, review papers, case studies, and short communications related to the advancement of the applied science and technology of aircraft and spacecraft.
Benefits:
1-First one benefit, a copyright costs more than publishing the article in our journal. Our journal creates and gives all copyright to the author(s).
2-The second one benefit, the journal ensures a high visibility of the published article.
| Frequency: Quarterly |
| ISSN Print: 2523-1200 |
| ISSN Online: 2523-1197 |
| Posted on January 14, 2016 at 7:05 AM |
This special issue is devoted to the integrated study of renewable, sustainable, environmental and architectural engineering (from earliest times to the present day) will be published to give researchers appreciation of where the discipline has come from. We aim to provide an advanced forum for studies related to the proposed fields with all topics below. The objective of this special issue is to present recent advances and emerging cross-disciplinary in the field of renewable, sustainable, environmental and architectural engineering. Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale, such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves, and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, air and water heating/cooling, motor fuels, and rural (off-grid) energy services. Environmental Engineering is the integration of sciences and engineering principles to improve the natural environment, to provide healthy water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms, and to clean up pollution sites. Environmental engineering can also be described as a branch of applied science and technology that addresses the issue of energy preservation, production asset and control of waste from human and animal activities. Furthermore, it is concerned with finding plausible solutions in the field of public health, such as waterborne diseases, implementing laws which promote adequate sanitation in urban, rural and recreational areas. It involves waste water management and air pollution control, recycling, waste disposal, radiation protection, industrial hygiene, environmental sustainability, and public health issues as well as knowledge of environmental engineering law. It also includes studies on the environmental impact of proposed construction projects. Architectural engineering, also known as building engineering, is the application of engineering principles and technology to building design and construction. Sustainable energy is the form of energy obtained from non-exhaustible resources, such that the provision of this form of energy serves the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs.
Articles discussing methodology and reviews of the current state of knowledge and possibilities for future research are especially welcome. Moreover, this issue will publish reviews and research articles. There is no restriction on the length of the papers. Full experimental and methodological details, as applicable, must be provided. The American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences is an open access peer reviewed technical journal which publishes original research contributions and is an unparalleled resource for key advances in the field of engineering. Scope of the journal includes but not limited to applied physics and applied mathematics, automation and control, biomedical engineering, chemical engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, computer science, data engineering and software engineering, earth and environmental engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering and operations research, information technology and informatics, materials science, measurement and metrology, mechanical engineering, medical physics, power engineering, signal processing and telecommunications.
Manuscripts regarding original research proposals and research ideas would be highly appreciated. Manuscripts containing summaries and surveys on research cooperation and actual and future projects (as those founded by national governments or others) are likewise appreciated, as they provide interesting information for a broad field of users.
Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:
Guest Editors
| Name | Affilation |
| John Kaiser Calautit | Researcher, University of Sheffield, UK |
| Laura Vanoli | Associate Professor, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy |
| Alfonso Capozzoli | Researcher, Politecnico di Torino, Italy |
| Francesco Calise | Associate Professsor, University of Naples Federico II, Italy |
| Muftah H. El-Naas | Professor, Qatar University, Qatar |
| Rafal Damian Figaj | Researcher, University of Naples Parthenope, Italy |
| Fabrizio Ascione | Researcher, University of Naples Federico II, Italy |
| Anna Laura Pisello | Assistant Professor, University of Perugia, Italy |
| Annamaria Buonomano | Researcher, Uiversity of Naples Federico II, Italy |
| Maria Vicidomini | Researcher, Uiversity of Naples Federico II, Italy |
| Posted on January 11, 2016 at 8:05 AM |

ISSN Print: 1941-7020
ISSN Online: 1941-7039
Important indexations:
Scopus-Elsevier, Inspec-The IET-Web of Science Thomson Reuters (not ISI), Engineering Village-Elsevier, Communication Abstracts-CSA(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts), Global Science Citation Impact Factor, EBSCO, Microsoft Academic Search, Pro Quest, Genamics Journal Seek, Open Library, DOAJ, ROAD, WorldCat, Index Copernicus, Thomson GALE, Pub Get, Academic Search Premier, ZB MED, Google Academic, Socolar, Sherpa Romeo, Ulrich, BASE, J-Gate.
A r c h i v e
I n s t r u c t i o n s f o r A u t h o r s
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| Posted on January 5, 2016 at 6:25 PM |

ISSN Print: 1941-7020
ISSN Online: 1941-7039
Important indexations:
Scopus-Elsevier, Inspec-The IET-Web of Science Thomson Reuters (not ISI), Engineering Village-Elsevier, Communication Abstracts-CSA(Cambridge Scientific Abstracts),
Global Science Citation Impact Factor, EBSCO, Microsoft Academic
Search, Pro Quest, Genamics Journal Seek, Open Library, DOAJ, ROAD, WorldCat,
Index Copernicus, Thomson GALE, Pub Get, Academic Search Premier, ZB
MED, Google Academic, Socolar, Sherpa Romeo, Ulrich, BASE, J-Gate.
| Posted on September 8, 2012 at 9:45 AM |

The best results were obtained with the Tokamak-type installations (see the Figure below).
ITER: the world's largest Tokamak
Fusion can occur between a nucleus of deuterium and one of tritium.
Another fusion reaction can be produced between a nucleus of deuterium and an isotope of helium.
For deuterium, for average kinetic energy are required tens of keV.
The huge temperature is done with high power lasers acting hot plasma.
Electromagnetic fields are arranged so that it can maintain hot plasma.
The best results were obtained with the Tokamak-type installations.
ITER: the world's largest Tokamak
Deuterium fuel is delivered in heavy water, D2O.
Tritium is obtained in the laboratory by the following reaction.
Lithium, the third element in Mendeleev's table, is found in nature in sufficient quantities.
Raw materials for fusion are deuterium and lithium.
Hot fusion works with very high temperatures.
At a keV is necessary a temperature of 10 million 0C.
At 360 keV is necessary a temperature of 3600 million 0C.
In hot fusion it need a temperature of 3600 million degrees.
Today we have just 150 million degrees made.
To replace the lack of necessary temperature, it uses various tricks.
We need to bomb the fuel with accelerated deuterium nuclei.
The fuel will be made from heavy water and lithium.
The optimal proportion of lithium will be tested.
It would be preferable to keep fuel in the plasma state.
^ "Progress in Fusion". ITER. Retrieved 2010-02-15.
^ "The National Ignition Facility: Ushering in a New Age for Science". National Ignition Facility. Retrieved 2009-09-13.
^ "DOE looks again at inertial fusion as potential clean-energy source", David Kramer, Physics Today, March 2011, p 26
^ The Most Tightly Bound Nuclei. Hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-17.
^ F. Winterberg "Conjectured Metastable Super-Explosives formed under High Pressure for Thermonuclear Ignition"
^ Zhang, Fan; Murray, Stephen Burke; Higgins, Andrew (2005) "Super compressed detonation method and device to effect such detonation[dead link]"
^ I.I. Glass and J.C. Poinssot "IMPLOSION DRIVEN SHOCK TUBE". NASA
^ D.Sagie and I.I. Glass (1982) "Explosive-driven hemispherical implosions for generating fusion plasmas"
^ T. Saito, A. K. Kudian and I. I. Glass "Temperature Measurements Of An Implosion Focus"
^ S.E. Jones (1986). "Muon-Catalysed Fusion Revisited". Nature 321 (6066): 127–133. Bibcode 1986Natur.321..127J. DOI:10.1038/321127a0.
^ Access: Desktop fusion is back on the table: Nature News. Nature.com. Retrieved on 2011-08-17.
^ Supplementary methods for “Observation of nuclear fusion driven by a pyroelectric crystal”. Main article Naranjo, B.; Gimzewski, J.K.; Putterman, S. (2005). "Observation of nuclear fusion driven by a pyroelectric crystal". Nature 434 (7037): 1115–1117. Bibcode 2005Natur.434.1115N. DOI:10.1038/nature03575. PMID 15858570.
^ UCLA Crystal Fusion. Rodan.physics.ucla.edu. Retrieved on 2011-08-17.
^ Phil Schewe and Ben Stein (2005). "Pyrofusion: A Room-Temperature, Palm-Sized Nuclear
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| Posted on September 6, 2012 at 7:40 AM |
A Brief History of TMM (Theory of Machines and Mechanisms)
-Antikythera




---The Father of mechanisms, Archimedes of Syracuse (287B.Ch.-212B.Ch.) was a Greek mathematician, physicist, mechanical engineer, inventor, and astronomer. Although few details of his life are known, he is regarded as one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity. Among his advances in physics are the foundations of hydrostatics, statics and the explanation of the principle of the lever. He is credited with designing innovative machines, including siege engines and the screw pump that bears his name. Modern experiments have tested claims that Archimedes designed machines and mechanisms capable of lifting attacking ships out of the water and setting ships on fire using an array of mirrors. His pet symbol was the C3 couple sphere in cylinder and his pet mechanism was the Archimedes' screw, Archimedean screw, or screwpump which is a machine historically used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches.
-Ctesibius or Ktesibios or Tesibius (285-222 B.Ch.) was a Greek[1] or Egyptian[2] inventor, mechanical engineer, and mathematician in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. He wrote the first treatises on the science of compressed air and its uses in pumps (and even a cannon). This, in combination with his work on the elasticity of air On pneumatics, earned him the title of "father of pneumatics." None of his written work has survived, including his Memorabilia, a compilation of his research that was cited by Athenaeus, but it has influenced the activity of Marcus Pollio Vitruvius.
-Philo of Byzantium (280B.Ch.-220B.Ch.), also known as Philo Mechanicus, a Greek writer on mechanics and mechanisms, flourished during the latter half of the 2nd century B.C. He was probably younger than Ctesibius, though some place him a century earlier.
-Marcus Pollio Vitruvius (80B.CH.-20B.Ch.) was a Roman architect and mechanical engineer.
-Heron_of_Alexandria, (10-70) was an ancient Greek mathematician and mechanical engineer who was active in Alexandria, Ptolemaic Egypt. He is considered the greatest experimenter of antiquity[1] and his work is representative of the Hellenistic scientific tradition.[2]
Among his most famous inventions were the first documented steam-powered device, the aeolipile, and a windwheel, constituting one of the earliest instances of wind harnessing.[3][4] He is said to have been a follower of the Atomists. Some of his ideas were derived from the works of Ctesibius.
Hero's wind-powered organ Heron's syringe
Hero's fire-engine Heron's Aeolipile
-Zhang Heng (Chang Heng), (78-139) was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25:/114undefined115undefined116undefined117undefined118undefined119undefined120undefined121undefined122undefined123undefined124undefined125undefined126undefined127undefined128undefined129undefined130undefined131undefined132undefined133undefined134undefined135undefined136undefined137undefined138undefined139undefined140undefined141undefined142undefined143undefined144undefined145undefined146undefined147undefined148undefined149undefined150undefined151undefined152undefined153undefined154undefined155undefined156undefined157undefined158undefined159undefined160undefined161undefined162undefined163undefined164undefined165undefined166undefined167undefined168undefined169undefined170undefined171undefined172undefined173undefined174undefined175undefined176undefined177undefined178undefined179undefined180undefined181undefined182undefined183undefined184undefined185undefined186undefined187undefined188undefined189undefined190undefined191undefined192undefined193undefined194undefined195undefined196undefined197undefined198undefined199undefined200undefined201undefined202undefined203undefined204undefined205undefined206undefined207undefined208undefined209undefined210undefined211undefined212:/213undefined214undefined215:/216undefined217undefined218undefined219undefined220undefined221undefined222undefined223undefined224undefined225undefined226undefined227undefined228undefined229undefined230undefined231undefined232undefined233undefined234undefined235undefined236undefined237undefined238undefined239undefined240undefined241undefined242undefined243undefined244undefined245undefined246undefined247undefined248undefined249undefined250undefined251undefined252undefined253undefined254undefined255undefined256undefined257undefined258undefined259undefined260undefined261undefined262undefined 20 March 1726])[1] was an English physicist, the greatest mechanical engineer, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist and theologian. His , published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the , published in 1687, is considered to be the most influential book in the history of science. In this work, Newton described universal gravitation and the three laws of motion, laying the groundwork for classical mechanics, which dominated the scientific view of the physical universe for the next three centuries and is the basis for modern engineering. Newton showed that the motions of objects on Earth and of celestial bodies are governed by the same set of natural laws by demonstrating the consistency between Kepler's laws of planetary motion and his theory of gravitation, thus removing the last doubts about heliocentrism and advancing the scientific revolution.
In mechanics, Newton enunciated the principles of conservation of momentum and angular momentum. In optics, he invented the reflecting telescope and developed a theory of colour based on the observation that a prism decomposes whitelight into a visible spectrum. He also formulated an empirical law of cooling and studied the speed of sound.
The famous three laws of motion:
Newton's First Law (also known as the Law of Inertia) states that an object at rest tends to stay at rest and that an object in uniform motion tends to stay in uniform motion unless acted upon by a net external force.
Newton's Second Law states that an applied force,
, on an object equals the rate of change of its momentum,
, with time. Mathematically, this is expressed as
Because this relation only holds when the mass is constant, that is, when
, the first term vanishes, and the equation can be written in the iconic form
where 
This equation states that a force
applied to an object of mass m causes it to accelerate at a rate
.
This equality requires a consistent set of units for measuring mass, length, and time. One such set is the SI system, where mass is in kilograms, length in metres, and time in seconds. This leads to force being in newtons, named in his honour, and acceleration in metres per second per second. The English analogous system is slugs, feet, and seconds.
Newton's Third Law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. This means that any force exerted onto an object has a counterpart force that is exerted in the opposite direction back onto the first object. The most common example is of two ice skaters pushing against each other and sliding apart in opposite directions. Another example is the recoil of a firearm, in which the force propelling the bullet is exerted equally back onto the gun and is felt by the shooter. Since the objects in question do not necessarily have the same mass, the resulting acceleration of the two objects can be different (as in the case of firearm recoil).A popular story claims that Newton was inspired to formulate his theory of universal gravitation by the fall of an apple from a tree. Cartoons have gone further to suggest the apple actually hit Newton's head, and that its impact somehow made him aware of the force of gravity. John Conduitt, Newton's assistant at the Royal Mint and husband of Newton's niece, described the event when he wrote about Newton's life:
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The question was not whether gravity existed, but whether it extended so far from Earth that it could also be the force holding the moon to its orbit. Newton showed that if the force decreased as the inverse square of the distance, one could indeed calculate the Moon's orbital period, and get good agreement. He guessed the same force was responsible for other orbital motions, and hence named it "universal gravitation".

-Christopher Polhem (1661-1751) was a Sweden who created a mechanical alphabet of models for machines.
-In 1680 Christian Huygens designs the first engine with internal combustion.
-In 1769 Nicolas Joseph CUGNOT, presents his steam-driven vehicle.
This was the first steam-engine (use on vehicles).
![1769 Cugnot [Credits : Kit Foster] 1769 Cugnot [Credits : Kit Foster]](http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/92/97192-004-CBD5D206.jpg)
-James Watt (1736-1819) was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer. His steam engine was the base in both Britain and the world industrial Revolution.

Steam engine designed by Boulton & Watt. Drawing from 1784.
-George Stephenson (1781-1848) was an English civil engineer and mechanical engineer who built the first public railway line in the world to use steam locomotives and is known as the "Father of Railways".


-Richard Roberts (22 April 1789 - 11 March 1864) was a British engineer whose development of high-precision machine tools contributed to the birth of production engineering and mass production.
-The Reverend Dr Robert Stirling (October 25, 1790 undefined346undefined347undefined348undefined349undefined350undefined351undefined352undefined353undefined354undefined355undefined356undefined357undefined358undefined359undefined360undefined361undefined362undefined363undefined December 24, 1872) was a Scottish engineer and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (1st Baron Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics. Rankine developed a complete theory of the steam engine and indeed of all heat engines. His manuals of engineering science and practice were used for many decades after their publication in the 1850s and 1860s.
-Pafnuti Livovici Cebasev (1821-1894) was a Russian scientist known by his structural form in mechanisms.
-1824 - English engineer, Samuel Brown adapted an old Newcomen steam engine to burn gas, and he used it to briefly power a vehicle up Shooter's Hill in London.-Franz Reuleaux (1829-1905) of Berlin created the world's largest collection of kinematics models at the Technical University of Berlin with over 800 models. Most of this collection was destroyed in the Second World War. However, Reuleaux authorized the reproduction of approximately 360 mechanisms by the model maker Voigt. Another model maker, Schroeder of Darmstadt, also created kinematics models based on the books of Reuleaux and Redtenbacher. Some of the models of Schroeder and Voigt are in collections in Europe, North America, and Japan.
-Francesco Masi (1852-1944) addressed his attention to TMM, but also to the fields of Hydraulics, Technical Drawing, Mechanics of Agricultural Machines, and teaching activity in technical Colleges and at Bologna University, where he publish "Cinematica Applicata" and "Teoria dei Meccanismi". -Sir Charles Algernon Parsons, (13 June 1854 undefined380undefined381undefined382undefined383undefined384undefined385undefined386undefined387undefined388undefined389undefinedtienne Lenoir invented and patented (1860) a double-acting, electric spark-ignition internal combustion engine fueled by coal gas. In 1863, Lenoir attached an improved engine (using petroleum and a primitive carburetor) to a three-wheeled wagon that managed to complete an historic fifty-mile road trip.

-1876 - The first successful two-stroke engine was invented by Sir Dougald Clerk.
-Andre-Gustave Citroen (5 February 1878-3 July 1935) was a French entrepreneur of Dutch and Polish descent. He is remembered chiefly for the make of car named after him, but also for his application of double helical gears.
-George (or Gogu) Constantinescu (1881 - 1965) was a Romanian scientist, engineer and inventor. During his career, he registered over 130 inventions. He is the creator of the Theory of Sonics, a new branch of continuum mechanics, in which he described the transmission of mechanical energy through vibrations.
Born in Craiova and settled in the United Kingdom from 1912, Constantinescu was an honorary member of the Romanian Academy.
Among his inventions are a mechanical torque converter, a sonic engine and a hydraulic machine-gun synchronizer (or interrupter gear) - which allowed airplane-mounted-guns to shoot between the spinning blades of the propeller). The Constantinesco synchronization gear (or "CC" gear) was first used operationally on the D.H.4s of No. 55 squadron R.F.C. from March 1917, during World War I, and rapidly became standard equipment, replacing a variety of mechanical gears. It continued to be used by the Royal Air Force until World War II - the Gloster Gladiator being the last British fighter to be equipped with "CC" gear.
He was the designer of the Constantinesco, a French-manufactured car, and of the Constanţa Mosque (a project completed by the architect Victor Ştefănescu).
-1883-French engineer, Edouard Delamare-Debouteville, built a single-cylinder four-stroke engine that ran on stove gas. It is not certain if he did indeed build a car, however, Delamare-Debouteville's designs were very advanced for the time - ahead of both Daimler and Benz in some ways at least on paper.-1885 - Gottlieb Daimler invented what is often recognized as the prototype of the modern gas engine - with a vertical cylinder, and with gasoline injected through a carburetor (patented in 1887). Daimler first built a two-wheeled vehicle the "Reitwagen" (Riding Carriage) with this engine and a year later built the world's first four-wheeled motor vehicle.


-1886 - On January 29, Karl Benz received the first patent (DRP No. 37435) for a gas-fueled car.
![]() In 1885 Karl Benz designed and built the first vehicle intended from the ground up to be powered by an internal combustion gasoline engine. ![]() |
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| Catch the bus |


-1890 - Wilhelm Maybach built the first four-cylinder, four-stroke engine.
-Felix Heinrich Wankel, Hon. DEng (August 13, 1902 undefined534undefined535undefined536undefined537undefined538undefined539undefined540undefined541undefined542undefined543undefined544undefined545undefined546undefined547undefined548undefined549undefined550undefined551undefined552undefined553undefined554undefined555undefined556undefined557undefined558undefined559undefined560�/www.freewebs.com/iondynamics/ActIFToMM.jpg" alt="" />
| Posted on September 6, 2012 at 7:25 AM |






Astronomers discover distant solar system with five planets Washington Post - 11/7/2007


(The Copyright Law, March 01 1989, U.S. Copyright Office,
Library of Congress, Washington DC, 20559-6000 202-707-3000)

© 2008 Florian Ion PETRESCU | PhD Eng. at TMR UPB |
(The Copyright Law, March 01 1989, U.S. Copyright Office,
Library of Congress, Washington DC, 20559-6000 202-707-3000)
________________________________________________________
A linear particle accelerator (also called a LINAC) is an electrical device for the acceleration of subatomic particles. This sort of particle accelerator has many applications. It used recently as to an injector into a higher energy synchrotron at a dedicated experimental particle physics laboratory. In this, the big classic synchrotron is reduced to a ring surface (magnetic core). The design of a LINAC depends on the type of particle that is being accelerated: electron, proton or ion.
It proposes using a powerful LINAC at the exit of synchrotron (especially when one accelerates electrons) to not lose energy by photons premature emission.
One can use a LINAC in the entry in the Synchrotron and one at out.
To use a small entrance LINAC, between him and synchrotron, one put an additional speed circuit in a stadium form.
The end LINAC can be reduced if one put more end LINACs.
See diagram below.
© 2008 Florian Ion TIBERIU-PETRESCU
Basic Principle
Ionic engine (ion thruster) has 2 major advantages and 2 disadvantages compared with chemical propulsion; the impulse and energy per unit of fuel used are much higher; 1-the increased impulse generates a higher speed (velocity; so we can walk longer distances in a short time), 2-the high energy decreases fuel consumption and increase the autonomy of the ship; generate force and acceleration are very small; we can not defeat any forces of resistance to lodging by atmosphere and we have no chance to exceed gravitational forces - ship will not leave a planet (or fall on it) using the ion thruster (It required an additional motor). Vacuum ship acceleration is possible but only with very small acceleration.
Increasing more energy (and also the impulse) can reach the necessary forces and acceleration (Growth will need to be very high). Particles energy increased can be made with accelerators circular and or modern linear. Particles energy increased will be huge and in addition will need to grow and the flow of accelerated particles.
Immediate consequence of increasing particle energy will be the increasing of speeds and autonomy of the ship. Now we can achieve huge speeds in a very short time. The ship will pass through any atmosphere (including water) with great ease. The ship can take off or land directly.
Initially one can use to ship the old forms (the old design) which adapts and the accelerator(s).














